Doctors from Hell by Vivien Spitz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Doctors from Hell by Vivien Spitz - Essay Example Not a whimper of protest is raised by the doctors against the orders by Adolph Hitler. Why do the doctors fail to abide by the noble ethics of their medical profession and succumb to the dictates of the Nazi regime to commit atrocities of the worst order on innocent human beings? The main issue is, why the entire German medical fraternity turns demonic, and what makes them to wean away from their traditional vocation of serving the sick? Vivien Spitz defends her position to the military authority, which is skeptical about her ability to carry out the onerous and dangerous responsibility as the court reporter at Nuremberg trials thus: â€Å"I have to go to see for myself. I’m a court reporter, and the War Department needs court reporters. I want to take these doctors’ testimony watch their face. I want to hear how they defend these terrible atrocities and experiments on human beings.†(8) The book, â€Å"Doctors from Hell: The Horrific Account of Nazi Experiments on Humans,† is born, through her blazing pen and the steely determination. Two types of wars are waged in Germany after Hitler comes to power in 1933. The normal war when soldiers of the opposite camps kill each other, and another war, that is devoid of conscience to exterminate a particular race from the face of earth. They include children, women, able-bodied and the mentally and physically sick. German soldiers begin to kill all those from a particular community with whom they have no previous personal enmity. Spitz writes, â€Å"After Hitler came to power in 1933, a Superior Genetic Health Court was established. Thus began the perverse degradation of German medicine and the demonic human experimentation and murder of thousands of innocent people by willing German doctors.†(2)Are they up to a medical cause or a political adventure? What are their ulterior motives and the hidden agenda? The important question is how the medical fraternity takes the lead and commits he inous atrocities against the defenseless human being lying flat in front of them which even the fighting forces would not have done in the normal conditions? To kill a man by firing bullets from a weapon is understandable. But to use a doctor’s knife, cut one by part by part, torture and lead one to slow death of agony is barbaric. In this essay an attempt has been made to discuss the issues related to medical trials, to determine the role of medical practitioners in the extermination system and the perverse acts committed by them in the cause of so-called medical research. How and why the German medical practitioners go insane. Are the acts committed due to political pressure or for the sadistic pleasure, also known as medical research for the benefits of the generations to come? How does it progress unabated with no authority to restrain the atrocities committed by highly professional doctors? How the best friend of the sick people turns out to be the worst enemy, whose ver y presence sends shivers for the man in front of him? Spitz gives the historical evidence as for the behaviour of the doctors. She argues, â€Å"Science and ideology are treacherous partners. When an ounce of science is mixed with a ton of zealotry, catastrophic results can be anticipated.†(xvi) The well-trained physicians turn overenthusiastic as the result of the relentless Nazi propaganda that they are expected to perform a great national duty to the

Public Library Essay Example for Free

Public Library Essay Library is something which has a lot of importance in everyone’s life. And specially in the life of school going children’s. It is responsible for teaching those children the moral values which are required a lot in further run of their life. Library is something whose importance cannot be neglected at any point of life. I consider myself to be very lucky as I was being provided with one of the best library by my school. My school had a big and efficient library. Almost all sorts of books required by student’s could be found in that library. And also there were many different types of magazines and newspapers in our library. We had a different room known as Reading Room adjacent to our library. It was the place where we used to take our books for reading them or making notes. No one was allowed to read books in library instead of teachers. Students till class 10th had two library period in a week. They had permission to issue books during those two periods only. Also they had to return the issued book within 15 days. No student till class 10th was allowed to keep books for more than 15 days. Keeping books with themselves for more than 15 days would require the student to pay a fine of Rs5 a day for each extra day. But this was not the case with senior students or students of class 11th-12th they were allowed to issue books whenever they wanted. There was no specific Library period for senior students. Also they had the permission to keep books with themselves till they want. They had to return books only during the time of examination. There were different sections in our library which were divided according to classes. The section for senior students mostly consisted of reference books. But they too had an option of issuing novels and other story books. Although due to study pressure there was hardly any student who issued novels or story books. Everyone issued references.

What impressions have you formed of the narrator? How has Atwood created :: English Literature

What impressions have you formed of the narrator? How has Atwood created these impressions? Give detailed evidence for your answer - The Handmaid's Tale What impressions have you formed of the narrator? How has Atwood created these impressions? Give detailed evidence for your answer The narrator of 'The Handmaid's Tale' is a woman who calls herself Offred. This is not her real name, but a name that she has been given by the particular husband and wife she is staying with. This makes the narrator seem mysterious, and Atwood creates this impression by not telling us the narrator's real name. From the very start of the novel, Offred has given me the impression that she is quite well educated by the way she speaks and expresses things 'like the place in a face where the eye has been taken out'. This type of simile, which she uses also, gives us the impression that she isn't very happy about her surroundings because she is using violent expressions and associating things, which are supposed to be quite pleasant to things that sound very disturbing and of a violent nature. 'Clouds like headless sheep', normally clouds are associated with bright fluffy marshmallows and pleasant things like that, but the narrator sees the clouds in the sky as disturbing images. All of the way through the book she uses simile's like this to compare normal looking objects or people. 'The smile of blood' is the phrase she uses in chapter six, when she is describing the men, which are hanging on the Wall. The phrase 'The smile of blood' is referring to a stain of blood which has seeped through the white cloth which is covering up the mans face, and she is saying it appears to look like a smile which a child has drawn. This seems disturbing because smiles are meant to represent happiness in people, and she turns that happiness sinister with saying it is a smile made of blood. Also this phrase makes us think about why it would be a smile, rather than and unhappy face, because of him being dead. These violent associations certainly indicates to us that the narrator is unhappy, and that is exactly why Atwood created that quality about her, so that we know that Offred is not happy about the situation she is in at all, and that she relates to violence a lot of the time because she is used to seeing violence going on around her. At the very start of the novel the narrator was continuously slipping in and out of the present tense, she would often talk in the past

Prisoners with Special Needs Essay

Prior to the 1960s, criminals were all handled similarly and the way in which probation and parole was handled had become a regular routine. However, during the 1960s, the makeup of the typical offender began to change. The corrections system began to recognize the need to manage certain groups of offenders differently. Offenders with the tendency for violence, a history of sexual assault, a physical problem, mental illness, or infectious disease are among the group classified as special offenders, along with juveniles and the elderly (Seiter, 2011). These groups of people require treatment outside of the normal approach to corrections (Seiter, 2011). These offenders financially strain the prison systems at both state and federal levels but must be treated with individualized care in order for rehabilitation to be effective and successful, and for the elderly, the True Grit program has proven to be beneficial to their overall health and wellbeing while incarcerated. Special needs, mentally ill, and substance-abusing offenders require specialized treatment in order to be effectively rehabilitated. This can affect the state and federal prison system in many ways. The increase in juvenile, female, and elderly inmates has created a more diverse prison population and affects state and federal prisons by creating the need for a more diverse corrections staff. A 2006 study by the Bureau of Justice Statistics found that over half of all jail and prison inmates have mental health issues; an estimated 1.25 million suffered from mental illness, over four times the number in 1998 (Horowitz, 2013). Prisons reportedly house more mentally ill patients than hospitals, and mentally ill inmates are generally incarcerated for crimes of survival that possible could have been prevented (Horowitz, 2013). They require extensive supervision due to their  tendency to be suicidal, specialists to diagnose and administer treatment, and medications to stabilize them. Substance-abusing offenders make up the majority of the prison population as a study examined 75% of prison inmates were involved with drugs or alcohol at the time of arrest (Cropsey, 2008). Substance-abusing offenders burden the prison system by having an estimated 95% recidivism rate due to relapse (Cropsey, 2013). This can be due to the lack of drug treatment programs available and the access to drugs in prison. These offenders require drug and alcohol abuse counseling and specialized medical care for drug-related illnesses. Juvenile and elderly offenders require segregation from other inmates and elderly inmates may experience accessibility issues and require low energy recreational and work activities (University of Phoenix, 2014). Though the specialized care needed for special offenders can be a financial burden on the prison system, it is necessary to satisfy the goals of the corrections system. If inmates are not properly treated, this will only lead to a revolving door in prison in which inmates constantly are shuffled back and forth in and out of prison. The treatment and counseling services that an inmate participates in can effectively help them to rehabilitate and transition into productive citizens in the community upon release. Most drug and alcohol abusers commit crimes only when under the influence or to obtain their next high (Horowitz, 2013). Also, mentally ill inmates are too often incarcerated while awaiting trial instead of being placed in mental hospitals or treatment centers that can nurture the healing process and administer medications that can place them in a stable mental state. If these groups of offenders received the treatment that they require in order to be productive, they will go on to live law abiding lives outside of prison. Elderly inmates often have mobility issues, suffer from mental illnesses more common with age, and spend a majority of their time in the prison infirmary. True Grit is a program that originated in The Northern Nevada Correctional Center in Carson City, and aims to provide a reason for geriatric inmates to get up in the mornings. The program benefits the prison system in that all resources it requires are allocated through donations and  no prison funds are utilized, it has decreased geriatric infirmary visits, decreased the need for psychotropic medications prescribed to its participants, improved the general wellbeing of its participants, and has reduced the fear of dying alone in its participants (Harrison, 2006). The True Grit program provides a structure living environment for elderly prison inmates and allows them to participate in recreational activities that improve the mobility of their bodies and engage them in a social and nurturing environment. The program also helps participants apply for early compassionate release and adds humanity to the prison system by giving inmates hope. The population of special offenders in prisons has grown at a steady rate. As a result, the need for more individualized care and treatment programs tailored toward their needs has grown as well. Each group of special offenders requires different treatment and approaches in order to be successful candidates for law abiding citizens once released and the treatment they receive while incarcerated can directly impact their success rate. It is financially expensive to administer the programs necessary for the treatment of special offenders but it is also cost affective to treat and rehabilitate whether than risk increases in recidivism rates for ignoring their needs. There are programs available to assist each group and encourage them throughout their treatment and among them is the True Grit program that encourages the elderly inmate population to live fuller lives even behind prison bars and has led to a decrease in the need for medical care and use of psychotropic medications. Programs like it should be utilized more often to obtain similar results and therefore foster the goal of corrections of rehabilitating and decreasing recidivism rates. Cropsey, K.L. (2008). Specialized Prisons and Services: Results from a National Survey. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2350234/ Harrison, M.T. (2006). True: An Innovative Program for Elderly Inmates. Retrieved from http://www.aca.org/fileupload/177/prasannak/Stewart_dec06.pdf Horowitz, A. (2013, February 4). Mental Illness Soars in Prisons, Jails While Inmates Suffer. Huffington Post. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/04/mental-illness-prisons-jails-inmates_n_2610062.html Seiter, R.P. (2011). Corrections: An Introduction (3rd ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection University of Phoenix. (2014). Special Offenders [Multimedia]. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, CJA234-Introduction to Corrections website.

Racial profiling and law enforcement Essay

Abstract Racial profiling has influenced many people across the world; it has been a huge problem which needs to be resolved. The points discussed in this paper basically touch on why racial profiling is unacceptable and how it needs to be sustained. Why minorities shouldn’t have to suffer because of false stereotypes; also shouldn’t have to deal with bias opinions of the law. America is the land of the free also a place where second chances are embraced. There’s points made on how people reacted to racial profiling, and some resolutions. The ultimate goal is to minimize this epidemic in hopes people can start raising more awareness about the matter and find a way to make it work. The Authenticity of Racial Profiling and Law Enforcement Researchers believe law enforcement officers tend to prey on people of minority and watch closely in hopes for them to commit crime. Seemingly officers spend more time worrying about minorities than whites. Imaginably a young black male was observed driving by an officer in a nice vehicle going through a white neighborhood. The officer would probably find a reason to pull the driver which is called profiling. A lot of suspects are profiled because of prior history in the system, or stick out due to their environment. â€Å"For example, if someone who is obviously poor is frequently seen in a more affluent neighborhood, such a person may be profiled as someone with possible criminal intent† West Encyclopedia of Law (2005). This activity by law enforcement is unjust; sadly most of the officers believe they can do whatever they please. The citizens of the United States have certain rights to privacy; officers need to identify definite criminals making sure they are absolutely com mitting crimes. Studying this topic is worth the argument because of the disreputable nature of how law enforcement bases their bias assumptions of minorities. Granted some criminal minorities  do spend a lot of time in the system which is a fact, but also a good amount get rehabilitated and want to start a fresh private life, which they are entitled to. â€Å"It is a degrading practice and continues largely unchecked, violating the human and civil rights of those targeted† One America (2010). This issue raises a bunch of questions that should be looked into further, and examined much deeper. The general understanding of racial profiling is pre determining a minority is committing a criminal act, therefore should be approached by law enforcement. The law states that you are innocent until proven guilty in a court of law; hence minorities should remain innocent as well as driven free from prior judgment before found guilty of anything. This conduct ties in with the current understanding of t he crime, now someone just has to find a reasonable solution for both sides. With immense exposure of profiling tirades along came reaction. People believe evidence must be obtained in order to even pursue a suspect. Reasonable suspicion or reasonable doubt is a word an officer might use believing their suspect may have been armed, or a threat to society. Though the officer must be held accountable for the reasons he or she selected to approach the minority. The monumental Supreme Court case Terry vs. Ohio helped to shed tremendous light on the matter. The case pretty much made racial profiling harder to conduct for police. A law was passed because of this case which it made officers have to retain a search warrant in order to search a civilian’s property or belongings. Also law enforcement is unable to stop and frisk someone anywhere they please, for example a high crime area. On the other hand some officials believe racial profiling is necessary because it can save people from criminal activity before it begins, sparing injury to anyone. Protectors of profiling do not approve of the racial component of the matter. Defenders believe identifying tendencies of a criminal and being proactive make a decent officer. Even though my viewpoint does not approve of the defenders, the opinion has to be shared and addressed. Much of the perception of profiling really just has to do with the training of the particular officer and where they get their discipline. References â€Å"Racial Profiling.† West’s Encyclopedia of American Law. 2005. Retrieved October 02, 2013 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3437703637.html Heumann, Milton, and Lance Cassak. 2003. Good Cop, Bad Cop: Racial Profiling and Competing Views of Justice in America. New York: P. Lang.

Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant essays

Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant essays Almost all flowering plants are known as 'Angiosperms', which means plants whose seed production comes from flowering. Seeds are packaged within a fruit to be transported away from parent plant. Angiosperms are vascular plants containing xylem and phloem in bundled Plant cells, unlike animals they have multicellular haploid and multicellular diploid stages in there cycle. By the process of meiosis, diploid sporophyte cells produce haploid spores. Each haploid spore undergoes mitotic division creating multicellular haploid gametophyte. Gametes are the by-product of multicellular haploid gametophyte by process of mitosis. However gametes are not the direct result of mitotic division. Diploid sporophyte is the creation of two gametes fusing together. During fertilization, multicellular haploid cells change to multicellular Meiosis is the process of cell division (reproduction). Process of meiosis a cell undergoes two divisions. A cell divides to produce two cells each new cell holds DNA, the two new cells then divide again. It is not concerned about creating a working cell. Cells genetics are shuffled during meiosis, therefore the first division of cells do not have equal quantity of chromosomes, and it is in the second division of cells that chromosomes are divided equally in the new cells. There are two stages to meiosis. First stage of meiosis is like mitosis, where a cell divides into two both containing equal measures of DNA. Where in mitosis cells share equal DNA, meiosis a crossing-over is when the cells DNA exchange genes. These genes get mixed up producing the opposite perfect duplicate cells like mitosis. Second stage of meiosis DNA that remains in the cell condenses to form short chromosomes. All pairs of chromosome have a centromere. Centrioles begin at opposite sides of the cell. In metaphase ll, all chromosomes are lined in the middle of the cell and the centrioles are...

Foundations of Learning and Collaborative Working Essays

Foundations of Learning and Collaborative Working Essays Foundations of Learning and Collaborative Working Essay Foundations of Learning and Collaborative Working Essay Discuss the construct of collaborative working within your professional area To be able to understand the principle. the different factors act uponing the result of collaborative working and how this can be applied to Perioperative pattern. it is of import to hold a sound apprehension of the construct Collaborative Working. This construct has many terminological fluctuations. one of the more often used is Inter-professional working. Hornby and Atkins ( 2000 ) province that collaborative working is a relationship between two or more people. groups or administrations. working together to specify and accomplish a common intent. Barrett et Al ( 2005 ) declares that inter-professional working is the procedure whereby members of different professions and/or bureaus work together to supply incorporate wellness and/or societal attention for the benefit of service users. Ignoring what is seen as the correct/incorrect nomenclature. the common denominator here is that all wellness attention staff/ agencies’ are working together to supply the best health care possible for patients and service users. There have been many arguments about the fluctuation in nomenclature. Leathard ( 1994:5 ) refers to it as terminological quagmire that has been created due to rapid developments in pattern. and in her analysis of footings. Leathard ( 1994:6 ) prefers to utilize the term multi-professional as it infers a wider group of professionals. In this case the term Collaborative working will be used. Over the old ages at that place have been many drivers behind the principle for collaborative working dating as far back as the 1960’s in the USA. where Henderson ( 1966 ) studies that one infirmary has weekly inter-professional ward conferences. The thought of collaborative working is hence non a comparatively new construct. In recent old ages increased accent has been placed on collaborative working and the demand to work together due to alterations in engineering. answerability and authorities studies. Technological progresss such as telecommunication is now used by surgical staff to po pulate provender surgical processs to other parts of the universe. This has aided remote-area sawboness in their ain patterns ( Shields A ; Werder 2002 ) : Similarly. the debut of the National Health Service ( NHS ) direct advice line has created a manner in which physicians can confer with patients over the telephone. However a survey by the Economic and Social Research Council ( 2005 ) concluded that telemedicine is disappearing compared to NHS direct advice line. The debut to new machinery which takes blood force per unit areas automatically instead than manually. this and other technological progresss have all required health care staff to alter the ways in which they work collaboratively. On the other manus. Government studies besides change the manner in which health care professionals work as they are frequently compulsory steps. The NHS Knowledge and Skills Framework ( KSF ) was introduced in 1999 under the Agenda for Change. Day ( 2006 ) claims that the usage of KSF will enable squad leaders to place spreads in the cognition and accomplishments of their inter-professional squads. KSF is an indispensable demand carried out every twelvemonth to guarantee wage patterned advances. Collaborative working is besides brought about by answerability. All health care professionals are governed by a professional organic structure such as the Health Professions Council ( HPC ) in which it is their responsibility to guarantee conformity with the statute law on the usage of protected rubrics ( HPC. 2008 ) Not merely are registrants accountable to the HPC they are besides accountable to statutory and condemnable jurisprudence which means healthcare professionals must interact with patients and staff on an acceptable degree at the hazard of being prosecuted for their actions. Another driver for collaborative working is seen through the of all time scrutinizing media. A recent intelligence study by Hughes ( 2011 ) titled Emergency surgery patients’ lives at hazard. state surgeons is one of the many illustrations of negative media that is seting more force per unit area on health care professionals to work more collaboratively. On the other manus. many of the public viewing audiences do non see the prejudice in the bulk of these intelligence studies and many illustrations of good coaction is missed. Resulting from the principle behind why people work together it is of import to understand the ways in which people do work together. Safe Surgery Saves Lives was an enterprise that arose in 2006 by the World Health Organization and in 2008 a Surgical Safety Checklist was released globally. Research proved that postoperative complication rates fell by 36 % on average and the checklist has besides improved communicating among the surgical squads. ( Haynes. B. A et Al. 2009. Pg: 496 ) Many trusts besides have a theatre list policy and this ensures that staff are working collaboratively to guarantee the lists are right. accurate and the most of import processs have been prioritised. The thought differentiates among the trusts. but is most normally referred to as a Group clinch. This is carried out each forenoon before any surgical processs commence and it is a opportunity for staff to collaborate and portion any thoughts or concerns over that day’s list. A large portion of collaborative work. particularly in peri-operative attention. is about recognizing each other’s accomplishments and importance therefore the thought of inter-professional acquisition. Kenward A ; Kenward ( 2011. pg ; 35-39 ) outlines the importance of wise mans. saying that mentors should move as function theoretical accounts for pupils of all professions. Further advancing this the General Medical Council ( 2006 ) papers on Good Medical Practice propounds that physicians besides act as function theoretical accounts to seek and inspire and actuate others. It is apparent that there are many ways in which healthcare staff work together. nevertheless major issues are still identified around the factors that influence the results of collaborative working. Miscommunication has been identified as a reoccurring job. Certain behavioural forms among peri-operative staff which included disregarding petitions they did non understand. neglecting to seek elucidation. neglecting to talk aloud adequate to be heard and pass oning information to the incorrect individual. ( Gardezi et al 2009. pg: 1390-1399 ) This can be fatal particularly in the instance of Elaine Bromiley who had undergone a everyday fistula surgical process. Due to a dislocation in communicating between sawboness. Elaine unluckily died. A picture titled Just a everyday operation. ( LaerdalMedical. 2011 ) released after the decease of Elaine Bromiley. identifies the dislocation in communicating between the sawboness and the theater nurses who had really witnessed the surgeon’s hurt and suggested an alternate method to cannulating the patient which was ignored. This construct has been antecedently recognised as professional segregation. D’Amour et Al ( 2005 ) argued that because professional groups are educated individually they are so socialised into discipline-specific thought. Research concluded that 69 % of respondents to a questionnaire they set out reported dissension between sawboness and nurses. And that 53. 4 % reported sing aggressive behaviour from adviser sawboness ( Coe and Gould. 2008. Pg: 609-618 ) Therefore intending the results of coaction will endure if all professionals do non interact and acknowledge the importance of other professionals’ accomplishments. It is apparent that coaction and inter-professional working mostly exists but with the changeless alterations in peri-operative pattern as mentioned antecedently and the manner health care is invariably observed. particularly by the media. it is apparent that collaborative working is a uninterrupted development or a womb-to-tomb acquisition procedure. As engineering alterations and authorities policies are continually released it is inevitable that the ways in which health care professionals work together will besides alter and develop. Mentions Barret. G. Sellman. D and Thomas. J ( 2005 ) Inter-professional working in Health and Social Care: Professional Positions. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Coe. R and Gould. D ( 2008 ) Disagreement and aggression in the operating theater. ’ Journal of Advanced Nursing. Volume: 61. Issue: 6. Pg: 609-618. Day. J ( 2006 ) Inter-professional working: An indispensable usher for health-and social-care professionals. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes. D’Amour. D. Ferrada-Videla. M. San Martin Rodrigues. L and Beaulieu. M ( 2005 ) The conceptual footing for inter-professional Collaboration: Core constructs and theoretical models. ’ Journal of Inter-professional Care. Addendum: 1. Pg: 116-131. Economic and Social Research Council ( 2005 ) Telemedicine revolution is disappearing’ from the NHS. [ Online ] Available at: World Wide Web. esrc. societytoday. Ac. United Kingdom. ( Accessed: 8 October 2011 ) Gardezi. F. Lingard. L. Espin. S. Whyte. S. Orser. B and Baker. G. R ( 2 009 ) Silence. power and communicating in the operating room. ’ Journal of Advanced Nursing. Volume: 65. Issue: 7. Pg: 1390-1399. General Medical Council ( 2006 ) Good Medical Practice guidelines: working in squads. ’ [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. gmc-uk. org/guidance/good_medical_practice/working_with_colleagues_working_in_teams. asp ( Accessed: 9 October 2011 ) Haynes. B. A. Weiser. G. T. Berry. R. W. Lipsitz. Sc. D et Al ( 2009 ) A Surgical Safety Checklist to Reduce Morbidity and Mortality in a Global Population. ’ The New England Journal of Medicine. Volume: 360. Issue: 5. Pg: 496. Health Professions Council ( 2008-09 ) Continuing professional development one-year study. [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. hpc-uk. org/publications/reports/ ( Accessed: 8 October 2011 ) Henderson. V ( 1966 ) The nature of Nursing: A definition and its deductions for pattern. research and instruction. New York. Macmillan. Hornby. S and Atkins. J ( 2000 ) Collaborative Care: Inter-professional. interagency and interpersonal. Oxford: Blackwell. Hughes. D ( 2011 ) Emergency Surgery patients’ lives at hazard. state sawboness. ’ BBC intelligence. [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. bbc. co. uk/news/health-15098114 ( Accessed: 8 October 2011 ) Kenward. L and Kenward. L ( 2011 ) Promoting Inter-professional Care in the Perioperative environment. ’ Nursing Standard. Volume: 25. Issue: 41. Pg: 35-39. Proquest [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //proquest. umi. com/ ( Accessed: 9 October 2011 ) Laerdal Medical ( 2011 ) Just a Routine Operation’ [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=JzlvgtPlof4 ( Accessed: 9 October 2011 ) Leathard. A ( 1994 ) Traveling Inter-pro fessional: Working Together for Health and Welfare. London: Routledge. Shields. L and Werder. H ( 2002 ) Perioperative Nursing. Cambridge University Press.

75 Synonyms for Hard

75 Synonyms for Hard 75 Synonyms for â€Å"Hard† 75 Synonyms for â€Å"Hard† By Mark Nichol It’s easy to write about how hard something is, because so many synonyms exist for that vague word and its more formal cousin difficult. Many of these terms are somewhat interchangeable (that’s why they call them synonyms), but even then, the senses are often slightly distinct; do a little more research on usage when you find a promising variation for that abstract (or is it abstruse?) phrasing you’re attempting to finesse. 1. Abstract: disassociation from a practical reference that would aid in comprehension 2. Abstruse: difficult because of technical considerations 3. Arduous: great physical exertion 4. Augean: unpleasantly, overwhelmingly hard (a classical reference to the Augean stables, cleaned by Hercules as one of his legendary twelve labors) 5. Backbreaking: tiring and often dispiriting physical effort 6. Bruising: physically wearing and damaging 7. Brutal: unpleasantly difficult 8. Burdensome: physically or emotionally difficult 9. Challenging: requiring special effort; may have a positive or a negative sense depending on context 10. Complex: difficult because of multiple interrelated factors 11. Complicated: see complex 12. Convoluted: see complex; with an additional connotation of twisting or intertwining 13. Cruel: marked by uncompromising difficulty that disregards the worker’s welfare 14. Daunting: inspiring a feeling of great difficulty 15. Demanding: suggestive of a great commitment of time and effort 16. Distressing: causing emotional anguish 17. Effortful: requiring effort 18. Elusive: difficult to comprehend, or evasive 19. Exacting: requiring meticulous attention to detail, or requiring relentless effort 20. Exhausting: difficult in terms of physical or mental exertion 21. Formidable: discouraging because of expected difficulty; also has a positive connotation of impressiveness 22. Frustrating: producing feelings of hopelessness or defeat 23. Grievous: causing pain or suffering 24. Grim: evidencing unyielding difficulty or severity; can also mean â€Å"grim,† â€Å"gloomy,† or â€Å"sinister† 25. Grueling (also spelled gruelling): requiring unrelenting or extreme effort 26. Hairy: difficult (informal) 27. Harsh: excessively difficult 28. Heavy: involving great effort 29. Herculean: suggestive of great difficulty 30. Inhuman: so difficult as to seem beyond human capability 31. Insoluble: seemingly too difficult to be solved or resolved 32. Intimidating: so difficult that the task or prospect inspires fear or hopelessness 33. Intricate: see complex 34. Involved: see convoluted 35. Knotty: see convoluted 36. Labored: requiring wearying physical or mental exertion 37. Laborious: see labored 38. Merciless: marked by effort that seems to be required with no regard for the welfare of the worker 39. Moiling: requiring much effort 40. Murderous: suggestive of risk of physical or mental harm (informal) 41. Onerous: see burdensome 42. Opaque: difficult because of a lack of clarity or communication 43. Oppressive: harshly difficult 44. Overwhelming: too hard to do or bear without suffering 45. Painful: causing physical or mental discomfort or harm 46. Pick-and-shovel: suggestive of great manual effort 47-48. Problematic/problematical: difficulty in solving a problem 49. Punishing: difficulty heedless of consequences of physical or mental strain 50. Recondite: difficult to comprehend because of obscurity or the need to possess more knowledge 51. Rigid: inflexibly difficult 52. Rigorous: difficulty caused by conditions of inflexibility or requirements of great precision 53. Rugged: suggestive of conditions requiring strength and stamina 54. Serious: requiring a great deal of effort 55. Severe: difficult because of the nature of requirements or constraints or because of the need to expend great effort 56. Spiny: replete with difficulties 57. Sisyphean: suggestive of relentless, repetitive toil (a classical reference to Sisyphus, tormented in Hades by having to repeatedly roll a boulder up a hill, then retrieve it when it rolls down again) 58. Stiff: see rigid 59. Strenuous: see arduous 60. Stressful: so difficult as to cause tension or nervousness 61. Strict: difficult especially because of standards imposed 62. Stringent: see strict 63. Stubborn: persistently difficult 64. Sweaty: suggestive of great physical exertion, causing perspiration 65. Tall: see formidable (informal) 66. Taxing: see burdensome 67. Testing: calling for great effort, as if to test one’s abilities 68. Thorny: see spiny 69. Ticklish: difficult because of the problem’s sensitive nature 70. Tight: hard because of a lack of flexibility 71. Toilsome: see labored 72. Tough: physically or mentally demanding (informal) 73. Tricky: see ticklish 74. Trying: requiring great endurance 75. Uphill: see labored Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? 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Reaction paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 25

Reaction paper - Essay Example As a reaction to the freeing of slaves, some Southerners had resulted in killing government couriers as well as soldiers. The Southerners had indulged in an opposition against the Union, a factor that contributed to a complete absence of patriotism. Such factors explained why the president wanted Schurz to compile a report concerning the views of the Southerners. This paper will critically analyze some of the aspects discussed in the report presented by Schurz. In the report, Schurz discussed the attitudes of Southerners towards African Americans. The Southerners had harbored a belief that African Americans were unable to work without any form of compulsion (Johnson 309). In their view, African Americans could only be productive, if there were white masters compelling them to undertake tasks. In my view, this was a misconception because African-Americans could make a living by working as free people. The problem in the Southern States was that freed slaves never received the right opportunities to exploit their potential. In addition, the slave masters had spent several years with African Americans, but they did not understand their true characters. The report does highlight that the slave masters viewed African Americans as very deceitful. However, many African Americans serving as slaves were smart enough to hide their strategies from the masters. The Southerners also believed that African Americans only existed for one purpose. In their view, the purpose was cultivating cash crops such as cotton and rice (310). They opined that African Americans were not in a position to pursue their happiness. Such assumptions were wrong, African Americans had the will to pursue happiness, and their only barrier was slavery (308). The report also reveals that there were high levels of persecution directed towards African Americans

The history of Jazz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The history of Jazz - Essay Example Jazz music is deeply rooted in various musical styles of African-American music with European traditional music also contributing to its melodic sound. It was composed of several styles of black folk music such as field hollers, lullabies, rowing chants, spirituals and blues. Jazz began with small bands or solo pianists playing at weddings, picnics, parades and funerals. Blues and ragtime had also formed several years before jazz, and were strongly influencing its styles and forms. New Orleans, Louisiana experienced the earliest form of jazz. Improvisation, along with the existing sounds of other black music such as ragtime and blues, made jazz unique. Charles â€Å"Buddy† Bolden, also known as â€Å"King Bolden,† was known to have led some of these early jazz groups. Bolden’s band was well known in New Orleans from 1900 to 1907. Many early musicians credited Bolden and his band with having originated the genre known as â€Å"jazz†; however, the term â€Å"jazz† didn’t become widely known until after Bolden’s era. One writer labeled Bolden as the father of jazz, and several early Jazz musicians were inspired by his playing including Joe â€Å"King† Oliver, Freddie Keppard, Bunk Johnson. The Original Dixieland Jazz Band recorded the first jazz record in 1917. They were very popular overseas as well as in the United States. The New Orleans Rhythm Kings and the Creole Jazz Band were the next bands to emerge i n the early 1920s. The Creole Jazz Band would yield American cornetist King Oliver.... Scat singing had a great impact on jazz music; It altered the melodies of many jazz sounds, thereby giving them a new sound for their listener. During the 1920s, Jazz began to migrate to Chicago, Illinois. Many musicians from New Orleans, including Armstrong, were influencing the local musicians, thus creating the Chicago style form of jazz. This style was similar to that of New Orleans, however it differentiated in that it emphasized more on soloists and added the saxophone to the instruments of the band. Bix Beiderbecke, clarinetist Benny Goodman, drummer Gene Krupa, banjoist and guitarist Eddie Condon and trombonist Jack Teagarden were instrumentalists working in Chicago who were influenced by the Chicago style jazz. New York City was also another major area for jazz in the 1920s. Harlem became the center for jazz music. Piano music was also making great strides for the development of jazz music as well, and ironically, Harlem became know for the stride piano. James P. Johnson was a master at this, but it was Fats Waller who became stride piano's most popular performer. Another style of piano that developed during this time was boogie-woogie. It was a form of blues played on the piano, and it became very popular in the 1930s and 1940s. Pine Top Smith, Pete Johnson, Meade Lux Lewis and Albert Ammons were leading boogie-woogie pianists during this time. However, it was Earl "Fatha" Hines who was the most-known pianist of the 1920s. His style influenced most pianists of the next generation such as Teddy Wilson and Art Tatum. Also, the big bands, large groups of jazz musicians that would play together, were also popular throughout the 1930s and 1940s. This period was better known as the swing era. Duke Ellington and Fletcher Henderson were

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COMPACT DISC AND RECORDS Essay

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COMPACT DISC AND RECORDS - Essay Example The record technology was improved till 1980s when cassette technology was introduced which displaced the vinyl records significantly. The popularity of cassette went down when compact disc and mini disc were introduced in 1990s. Differences Size: Initially, the records were as big as 16 inches in diameter which was reduced to as low as 7 inches by the time. However, the most popular models used in that time were 12 inches. On the other side, Compact discs are only 4.75 inches in diameter which makes it a much more flexible product. Compact Disc also comes in small sizes, commonly know as Mini CD. The diameter of these Mini CDs ranges from 2.4 to 3.1 inches. The smaller is the size, the lesser will be data capacity. Production: Records are created with an element called black lacquer vinyl, which is the reason it is commonly called Vinyl Record. Contrary, CDs are developed with 1.2 millimeters thick polycarbonate plastic coated with aluminum and a thin translucent acrylic protective coating (Morgan). A CD weights around 15 to 20 grams. The thin layer of aluminum makes it reflective. A lacquer layer is used for spinning and label printing. Wear and Tear: Records are less likely to be abandoned and torn as compared to Compact Discs. Vinyl records are â€Å"hard† records, made up with black lacquer. ... CDs are susceptible to skips and clicks whereas Vinyle records usually play in any situation since they are analog. Price: The price of records is much higher because of the high cost expenditure incurred in manufacturing process. However, Compact Discs are comparatively cheaper and can stored hefty amount of data. Sound Quality: Vinyl records can play music as good as CDs. The difference is extremely small and negligible (Vinyl Vs. CD Part 3. Sound Difference Between LP’s and CD’s). After researching thoroughly, it is concluded that some extreme music lovers still prefer Vinyl over CDs, claiming the sound quality of Vinyl is richer. However, the differences in the sound quality are nearly inaudible to a normal human being and Vinyl and CDs overshadow each other only in some genre of music. Recording/Writing: Vinyl records needs a vinyl cutter for recording or copying songs in a record. These vinyl cutters are extremely expensive, costing about $10,000, thus making it i mpossible for common people to have it in their possession. Contrary, CDs can be written with the help of CD burner which are cheaply available in market, ranging from $15 to $25. Moreover, CD-R is a kind of Compact Disc which has the re-write feature. There is also a major difference between analog and digital recording. Analog recording is used in recording vinyl records, which varies a property or characteristic of a physical recording medium through air pressure (Elsea). Contrary, digital recording is developed when the physical properties of the original sound are converted into sequence number through an analog-to-digital converter which makes it able to be recorded and read back through a digital medium such as CD (Elsea, Basics of

Earned Value Management (EVM) Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Earned Value Management (EVM) - Term Paper Example The business organisations engaged in competition strives to take an upper hand position in the market by achieving a sustainable competitive advantage. In this regard, they aim to utilize effective management tools and techniques to strengthen their position in terms of finance, market share, operational efficiency etc (Huggins and Izushi, 2011, p.227). To achieve a sustainable growth and development, managements must strive to manage their assigned projects in a systematic way for optimum outcomes. Efficient and effective Project management is a challenging task which includes multiple activities, and management generally uses certain specific techniques, tools and systems for handling a project. Earned Value Management (EVM), an approach for project management is the most popular and widely used technique for project management (Dinsmore and Cabanis-Brewin, 2010, p.107). This report will attempt to present importance and use of EVM for analysing and assessing planning, scheduling, costing, budgeting, evaluating and performance monitoring of a project. 2. Management of a Project An organisation including profit making or non-profit making performs a number of tasks. Each group of tasks have a certain specific goal and this group of tasks can be termed as ‘project’. Organisations get themselves engaged in the multiple projects to achieve the common and overall goals and objectives. Therefore, successful completion of project is very vital for the organisational success and project management has evolved as key process in business related activities. With increasing pressure of the workloads, project management is gaining recognition in all types of organisation including SMEs and multinational enterprises. In simple terms, project management can be defined as â€Å"the task of managing work† (Cooke and Tate, 2005, p.1). In case of business management, a project can involves any types of tasks e.g. product development; implementing new machi nes or system in operation for increasing efficiency; or marketing promotions and advertisement. Generally, the project management can be completed through a set five sequential processes. These five processes are initiation, planning, execution, controlling and closure (Choudhuri, n.d. p.3). However, in each process there are various tasks that strive to support each of the aspects and criterions in the course of project management. Cost management, risk and quality management, budgeting, operational management, scheduling etc are the example of these tasks. The above sated tasks can also be termed as project management knowledge that includes nine areas and each of them are crucial of the effective project management. These nine areas also include certain tasks and these areas are explained in the following chart. Figure 1: Project Management Knowledge Areas (Source: Choudhuri, n.d. p.4) 3. Background of Earned Value Management (EVM) In the previous section, the tasks involved in a project management have been discussed, and each of these tasks is critical having direct influence on the profitability and organisational growth. If the project management team is able to complete these tasks efficiently, they are able to meet the goal of a project. In the course of these tasks, maintenance of efficient, accuracy, and reliability are key factors for the success.

Math problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Math problem - Essay Example This means that there is some question as to whether this sample is sufficiently random, and whether that sample accurately represents the population. Another question to ask is how representative the sample was, by having only 50 represented could result to sample size as reported in guideline 3 of the article. In addition, the data that is used comes from the parents, rather than a single observer. As a result, there is likely to be significant variation in the observed results. Lastly, the question one remains asking is that the conclusions made are based on what? The study does not tell us the values of comparison in order to reach at the conclusion, it is important to consider guideline 8 in making the conclusions since sometimes the comparison values could not be significant to warrant such a conclusion made. The data reported by the parents is essentially anecdotal, rather than being an actual measure of the childs activity or energy level. The parents perception of how active their child is at any particular moment may be affected by the parents own mood and tolerance for activity at the time. If a parent is feeling particularly harried or overwhelmed, a lesser level of activity on the part of their child may seem more "active" than usual. Conversely, if a parent is feeling less stressed, they may be more tolerant of activity before they reach the point where the activity of the child seems "high" or "excessive". In other words, the parents perception of the childs activity may be inconsistent (According to guideline 1 we would conclude that the type of study is not appropriate), both due to the lack of a standard scale of measurement, and by their own emotional state. Finally, this particular study was sponsored by a group that has a vested interest in the outcome. In particular, the stated outcome favors the company that sponsored the study-this is similar to what we observe in guideline 2 of the article. This calls

Marketing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Marketing - Research Paper Example But notably high withholding tax rate barriers imposed on distributions in excess of previously tax profit, that is $28 million in Uruguay (Gilson, p. 66-72). Interest ranging at $8.3 million in Brazil, at $15.3 million in Uruguay, $12 million in Chile and $11.6 in Peru; with specially reduced withholding tax rates on interest paid to financial institutions ranging at $4.4 million in Chile, $15.05 million in Uruguay, $5.9 million in Peru and at $19.7 million in Brazil The total gas sales in 2013 ranged at $ 263 million in Chile which accounts for 37% of the total sales in that year. Sales for lubricant oil was at $162 million, accounting for 16% of the sales. (Eicke, p. 16-25). In Peru, the company made gas sales worth $106 million, which accounts for 51% the sales it made in the three countries. The sales for lubricant oil were at $102 million, accounting for 24% of the sales (Jurich, p.

Math problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Math problem - Essay Example This means that there is some question as to whether this sample is sufficiently random, and whether that sample accurately represents the population. Another question to ask is how representative the sample was, by having only 50 represented could result to sample size as reported in guideline 3 of the article. In addition, the data that is used comes from the parents, rather than a single observer. As a result, there is likely to be significant variation in the observed results. Lastly, the question one remains asking is that the conclusions made are based on what? The study does not tell us the values of comparison in order to reach at the conclusion, it is important to consider guideline 8 in making the conclusions since sometimes the comparison values could not be significant to warrant such a conclusion made. The data reported by the parents is essentially anecdotal, rather than being an actual measure of the childs activity or energy level. The parents perception of how active their child is at any particular moment may be affected by the parents own mood and tolerance for activity at the time. If a parent is feeling particularly harried or overwhelmed, a lesser level of activity on the part of their child may seem more "active" than usual. Conversely, if a parent is feeling less stressed, they may be more tolerant of activity before they reach the point where the activity of the child seems "high" or "excessive". In other words, the parents perception of the childs activity may be inconsistent (According to guideline 1 we would conclude that the type of study is not appropriate), both due to the lack of a standard scale of measurement, and by their own emotional state. Finally, this particular study was sponsored by a group that has a vested interest in the outcome. In particular, the stated outcome favors the company that sponsored the study-this is similar to what we observe in guideline 2 of the article. This calls

Critical Commentary on 'The Coming of the White People' Essay

Critical Commentary on 'The Coming of the White People' - Essay Example As Harris reports, the Bolivian people love to believe that the decisive periods are ‘before the Spanish, colonial rule, and the republican period’ (ibid). According to Harris (1995), this Euro-centric history of most colonial nations had its origin from the concepts of rationality and order associated with the European modernism and consequent self-image Europeans developed. This high self-image had a very serious impact on the cultures and places they conquered. One such reason is that it is the coming of the colonial government that made many colonies understand the importance of written documents. For example, the scholar points out that works like ‘Europe and the people without history’ are totally centered around the way the coming of Europeans brought the previously autonomous populations into the European world system (ibid). Another point as put forward by Harris is that the process of colonisation had the same effect on both the Europeans and the c olonies. In other words, the same has been mythologised in both the places. It is pointed out by Harris that Columbus was a great mythologist who knew very well how to prepare influential interpretations of the voyages he made. Moreover, such explorers like Thomas Cook and Columbus associated their explorations with the achievement of a new spirit associated with either Enlightenment or Renaissance. One can see that this claim gains support from Obeysekere (1997, p. 79). Moreover, the works tries to identify the way many colonies consider Europeans as god-like figures. The first argument put forward by the scholar is that in many cases, it was the self-image of the Europeans themselves that was reflected in their own reflections of history. For example, the scholar points out the story behind the way Captain Cook was considered as god by Hawaiians. While European historians still love to proclaim that Hawaiians identified Cook with their deity Lono, it becomes evident from other acc ounts that Europeans were predisposed to the belief that they would be treated as gods by the natives. For example, even during the voyage, Columbus speculated that the new people might treat them as gods. Thus, even when Cook was killed by the natives, the same kind of European interest in depicting themselves as god-like figures came into play. In fact, this version of history is enforced by the Europeans on the world because at that point of time, written documents were almost entirely the provenance of Europeans. This point is supported by Sahlins (1995, p. 9). Very similar cases are reported by the scholar (Harris, 1995) in the case of Mexico and the encounter of Pizarro with King Atahualpa. In the first instance, Cortes’ arrival in Mexico was considered as the fulfillment of a prophecy related to the return of god Quetzalcoatl. It is point out by the scholar that evidently, Cortes made use of this prophecy and actively encouraged it to become a myth. In fact, very simil ar was the case of King Atahualpa. When the Spanish came under the leadership of Pizarro, the king Atahualpa felt that Viracocha had come. Admittedly it is even now common in that part of the world. While some historians like Sarmiento (1572) report that the king and his people considered Pizarro as Viracocha, people like Acosta (1590) go one step further ahead and claim that the natives called the Spanish Viracochas because they believed they

Erickson’s Psychosocial Theory Essay Example for Free

Erickson’s Psychosocial Theory Essay Erick Erickson is a well known theorist. He was a student of Freud and was greatly influenced by his work. Eriksons theory is known as one of the best theories of personality in psychology. While he accepted Freud’s theory of psychosexual development, he felt that it was incomplete. It did not recognize social and cultural influences It did not recognize development changes beyond adolescence It did not put enough emphasis on ego development This theory focused primarily on development of neurotic and maladaptive behavior and did not give enough consideration to healthy development. Erikson believed that personality developed in a series of eight stages. He argues that development occurs across a whole lifespan. He developed his theory based on the basis that cognitive and social development occurs at the same time. Erickson believed that during development people go through a series of psychosocial crises. These crises identify a conflict between two personality conflicts. Erickson developed detailed definitions of these psychosocial stages and the crises associated with each one. Each stage builds on the preceding one and prepares the individual for the next (Martin Fabes 2009). The 1st stage is trust versus mistrust (Main Question: â€Å"Is the world a trustworthy place?). This stage focuses on infants needs being met by parents. Infants depend on their guardians for food and comfort. Their understanding of society comes from their interactions with their guardian. If a child is exposed to consistent positive interactions, and dependable care, the infant will build trust. If the parents fail to provide and meet the basic needs the child will feel a sense of mistrust. Stage 2 is Autonomy vs. Shame Doubt (Toddlers 2 to 3 years). Main Question: Can I do things myself or must I always rely on others? As children gain control over their body and motor skills they begin to claim possessions and develop a sense of independency. However, parents still provide a key role of  security from which the child can venture out to assert their will. When parents’ are patient and encouraging it helps promote autonomy. Otherwise, they are likely to impose the child with a sense of doubt which decreases their willingness to try new tasks. Stage 3 is Initiative vs. Guilt (Preschool, 3 to 6 years).Main Question: Am I good or am I bad? At this stage, children want to begin and complete their own actions for a purpose. They are learning how well they can do things. They are also learning that, just because they are able to do things, does not mean it is a good idea to do it. Guilt is a new emotion at this time. Children are beginning to learn that some behaviors may make them feel unhappy about themselves. They are beginning to develop sense of right and wrong. Stage 4 is Industry vs. Inferiority (6-12). Main Question: Can I make it in this world? At this stage children begin to develop a sense of pride in their achievements. This is a crucial time for teachers because they play an increased role in the child’s development. When children are encouraged and reinforced for their initiative, they begin to feel industrious and their confidence is increased. If this initiative is not encouraged or controlled by parents or teacher, then the child will feel inferior and doubt their abilities. Stage 5 is Identity vs. Confusion (early teen). Main Question: Who am I? What can I? During this stage there is a transition from childhood to adulthood, which is very important. This is when the child becomes more independent, and begins to look at the future in terms of career, relationships, families, housing, etc. They explore and begin to form their own identity based on the outcome of their experiences. The sense of who they are can be hindered, which causes confusion about themselves and their place in the world. Stage 6 is Intimacy vs. Isolation. Main Question: Can I love? During this stage it is the period of early adulthood when people are exploring their personal relationships. Erikson believed it was important for people to develop close and committed relationships with others. Those who are successful at this stage will develop secure relationships. Erikson believed that a strong sense of personal identity was important to developing intimate relationships. Stage 7 is Generativity vs. Stagnation (middle adulthood). Main question: Can I make my life count? During establish this stage is when adults careers. They settle down within a relationship and begin to develop a family of their own. There is a sense of giving back to  society through raising children, working, and being involved in community activities and organizations. When adults fail to achieve these objectives, they lack self worth and feel unproductive. Stage 8 is Ego Integrity vs. Despair. Main question: Am I happy with the way that I have lived my life? This is the final stage of development in which adults grow older and become seniors. They tend to slow down in general. During this time they think about their accomplishments and are able to develop honesty about our achievements. This is when it is decided how productive one has been and if life goals have been accomplished (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erikson%27s_stages_of_psychosocial_development). Critique: Erickson was one of the first psychologists to become aware of the influence of culture on behavior. His theory focused on three key points: Body Mind Culture Erickson acknowledged cultural differences and contributed significantly to the study of adolescence and how they formed their identities. He felt that we should look at life in its entirety. He believed that development expanded through adulthood and that there were crises that adults encountered. His theory conflicts Freud’s in the fact that his emphasis was on the role of the ego rather than the id. This makes Erickson’s theory more positively oriented than Freud. Erickson’s theory is geared toward a positive outcome. However, many theorists doubted Erickson’s academic integrity. There is also very little research that has been conducted on childhood and adult psychosocial crises. It has been noted that many of Erickson’s theoretical propositions are difficult to test. Some were even impossible (Martin Fabes, 2009). It has also been argued that Erickson’s theory is more applicable to boys rather than girls. â€Å"There is debate as to whether people only search for identity during the adolescent years or if one stage needs to happen before other stages can be completed† (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erikson%27s_stages_of_psychosocial_development). Reflection: Out of all theorists that I have studied, Erickson is by far my favorite. After exploring Erickson’s stages of development, I agree that his theory does describe the changes in one’s life. I do feel that we face a  crises/conflict in each stage. Although I cannot remember my early stages of development, I have experienced them with my children and as a teacher I have witnessed these crises. At this time I have a child in each stage of development. I know my infant depends on me and I feel that if I do not meet his needs he will develop a sense of mistrust. I also have a child that worries about fitting in and constantly worries about relationships with friends. I feel that I am currently in the middle adulthood stage. I have settled down. I have a family, and I have started a career. Erickson stages of development are especially useful for teachers. Teachers as do parents, play a key role in helping or hindering children in their personality development. Erickson viewed development as a reflection of relationships with parents and family within the broader context of society (Brewer, 2006 p.21). Teachers that follow Erickson’s belief will develop programs that allow children the opportunity to build trust and bonds. School age children are dealing with the demands of learning new skills, fitting in with their classmates and accomplishing goals (Morrison, 2007p. 125). I believe that Erickson’s stages of development will be beneficial in assisting teachers with observing and responding to their students needs. Resources: Morrison, G. (2007). Early childhood education today (10th ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Merrill/Prentice Hall. Brewer, J. (2006). Introduction to Early Childhood Education: Preschool Through Primary Grades (6th ed.). Boston, New York: Pearson/Allyn Bacon, Martin, C., Fabes, R. (2009). Discovering child development (2nd ed.). Boston, NewYork: Houghton Mifflin Company. http://info.psu.edu.sa/psu/maths/Erikson%27s%20Theory%20of%20Psychosocial%20Development%20%282%29.pdf http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erikson%27s_stages_of_psychosocial_development

Faith in Young Goodman Brown Essay -- Young Goodman Brown YGB Nathanie

Faith in Young Goodman Brown In Nathaniel Hawthorne's "Young Goodman Brown," Hawthorne introduces Goodman Brown, who doubts himself and reiterates his false confidence to himself repeatedly. His struggle between the evil temptations, the devil, and the proper church abiding life, is a struggle he does not think he can handle. This story is about a man who challenges his faith in himself and in the community in which he resides. Goodman Brown must venture on a journey into the local forest, refuse the temptations of the devil, and return to the village before the sunrise.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The story is set in the forest of Salem, Massachusetts, around the time of the witch trials. Goodman Brown is a Puritan, and Salem is a Puritan village appears to be a good Christian community in the beginning of the story. Hawthorne once again criticizes a Puritan community or the religious community of his time through this short story. In this short story, Hawthorne criticizes the Puritans who take the words of Bible without interpretation, and who believe they are pure but inside the evil resides just as in the people they persecute.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The story begins with Goodman Brown leaving the house at sunset while his wife, Faith, trying to persuade Goodman to depart at sunrise. Brown starts his journey to the darkness that awaits for him in the forest where Puritans believe the devil lives. Hawthorne seems to be using many symbolisms in the story such as Goodman's wife Faith which symbolizes his real faith in God. Goodman leaves his faith behind him and set forth into his journey with his own strength and power. Although he felt guilty leaving his Faith back home in their early stage of marriage, he justifies this guilt by swearing that after this night he will "cling to her skirt and follow her to heaven." However, will there be another day for Goodman Brown to share his life with Faith? Although his faith, described with "pink ribbon," is sincere, pure, and innocent, is his will stong enough to walk though "a dreary road, darkened by all the gloomiest trees of the forest?" Goodman believes nothing can tempt his faith, not even a devil.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Upon entering the forest he is suspicious of every rock and tree, thinking something evil will jump out at him. A man waits for Goodman in the forest and then walks by Goodman's side. Although the narrator does not say this man is the ... ...en he reaches the final destination where whole community is there to participate in satanic acts, a little faith he has to the community and himself are completely destroyed. The devil has apparently infested all of the Puritan's souls with sin at least to the eyes of Goodman Brown. While he tries to help his wife Faith from the devil, he wakes up from imagination or dream in the forest wondering what has happened in the previous night. Whether the scenes he witnessed were real or his imagination, Goodman believes what he remembers and trusts no one in the village when he returns, not even his wife. Goodman seems to live the rest of his life with misery and distrust. In the beginning of the story, Goodman is a faithful man who is able to pass any temptation the devil gives him. He is happy with the community and his faith until his trip. Upon his discovery of Satanic acts of the community, he becomes an evil himself. When Goodman comes back he thinks he is better than the rest and judges everyone instantly. Young Goodman Brown fails the test of the devil completely not only because he loses his faith in living life, but also he has no hope after life since he became an evil.

Seattle Sonics On-Line Communities :: Internet Technology Chat Essays

Seattle Sonics On-Line Communities My first thoughts and reactions to on-line communities are I'm not interested; only people who are true technology enthusiasts use on-line communities; and on-line communities are used primarily for entertainment. Obviously my relationship with on-line communities is apparent - I really have not had much experience. I use email to keep in touch with family and friends and my experiences using DaMoo in this English class certainly qualify for experience, but I know that researching NBA basketball on-line communities will begin to demonstrate to me what is available. My initial assumptions and imaginations about on-line communities are formed by personal preferences in how I choose to communicate, limited knowledge and understanding, and most significantly limited experiences. I use email to communicate for a variety of purposes. I will send a brief message to somebody I intend to call or write a letter to very soon to let them know I am thinking about them. I also use email to send information that would be more beneficial to see in text than hear as a voice message such as emailing a student in any of my classes at CSUN about an upcoming assignment. However, email is not my first choice of communication. For example, I just received an email from a friend of mine in Oregon who I have not heard from in many months. She sent me a lengthy and involved email about what has been happening with her and her family. As I was beginning to email her back I stopped to instead write her a letter. Using a chosen note card and handwriting a letter conveyed a more personal approach to the correspondence. Of course, I email many people often, but there are instances where I feel that communicating via email is not as personal and thoughtful. Although I do suggest that I lack much experience with on-line communities, the work I have been doing in this English 305 class with DaMoo has begun to alter my feelings of dissociation with on-line communities. I can not continue to have the preconception that on-line communities are used primarily for entertainment unless I consider talking on-line about a web article with Michael Day's class solely entertaining. Simply being able to discuss readings, work, and ideas with students and teachers who are in Illinois while I am in a California classroom is both fascinating and helpful.

From the Farm, Inc Marketing Plan Essay

The purpose of this paper is to determine how to drive more sales to From the Farm’s website as well as increase overall brand awareness through the use of targeted marketing and advertising programs and also to gain a deeper insight of prospective customers which can assist in forming target market segments and creating targeted marketing and advertising programs that cater to those segments. Furthermore, we need to determine how to remain cost-effective with these proposed improvements to the marketing programs. Being a small e-commerce startup with limited funds and personnel, FTF has struggled for over four years to create effective marketing programs and have seen very little positive impact of their past marketing efforts. The lack of an effective marketing strategy which includes targeted advertising has led to increased and somewhat unnecessary marketing costs because several of the marketing campaigns are built on the premise of â€Å"testing it out† and seeing what kind of response it gets. The implementation of targeted marketing and advertising programs can not only increase From the Farm’s sales revenue, but also be more cost-effective since the campaigns are targeted and relevant to their audience. In addition, an improved digital marketing strategy can help FromTheFarm. com improve their overall market positioning due to the fact that they will gain a better understanding of their customers through the data that is collected and thus enable them to build a more effect online marketing strategy. Furthermore, this enhanced insight of their customers can also enable them to improve their product development and product offerings on their website. All of these things combined can definitely contribute to growing their sales revenue and more importantly, by having targeted marketing and advertising programs, they can ensure that every dollar spent is not a dollar wasted. Company Background From The Farm, Inc. (FTF) is a privately-owned e-commerce company headquartered in Stockton, California which specializes in the sales and home delivery of gourmet and organic foods and produce. FTF was founded in 2008 with the purpose and intent of becoming â€Å"America’s Online Farmer’s Market†. According to a report done by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), farmers only earned an average of $0. 16 for every dollar spent on the food they produced (Canning, 2011). FTF’s mission is to provide an online marketplace which connects customers with American Family farms by offering farm-fresh products and other specialty food items delivered straight to their door. By allowing customer to purchase directly from the farmer though the website, they cut out the middle man, and therefore give customers the opportunity to taste and experience what truly fresh food and produce tastes like while also supporting the success and livelihood of hard-working farmers all over the county. FromTheFarm. com is currently funded by its parent company, Onions, Etc. , one of the largest onion distributors in the United States. Currently, FTF only has two full-time employees – the Chief Marketing Officer (CMO)/General Manager and a Marketing Specialist – in addition to the Founder/CEO, one marketing intern, and one contract-based Marketing/PR Consultant. Any other tasks with regards to finance and accounting are handled by Onions, Etc. personnel and all IT related tasks are outsourced to an outside IT firm and web design firm. FTF has undergone major organizational changes in the past twelve months, in an effort to restructure the marketing team with the intention of implementing an improved marketing strategy in order to grow sales and increase brand awareness. Due to limited funds and personnel, FTF has struggled to create an effective targeted marketing and advertising strategy and as a result have not seen much growth since being founded in 2008. 1. 0 Market Summary and Target Audience Being that From the Farm is a small, family-owned company they do not have the financial strength that other larger food retailers have; however they still have a tremendous opportunity to capture the market being that the food e-commerce market has yet to be penetrated. According to a recent report by eMarketer, as of 2012, U. S. -commerce sales have grown to $224. 2 billion and are expected to grow to $361. 9 billion by 2016. Currently, online food and beverage sales is the smallest U. S. e-commerce category, however, this segment reached sales of $5. 09 billion and experienced a 17% growth in 2012 (eMarketer, 2012). Another report by Nielsen indicates that the sales rate for consumer packaged goods online is expected to reach $25 billion by 2014. This t rending growth can be attributed to the fact that more and more consumers are beginning to do their grocery shopping online (Nielsen, 2011). FTF can definitely capitalize on this emerging trend since the online grocery shopping experience is primarily fueled by a needs-driven experience since there are a greater variety of options available online. In addition, e-commerce allows for smaller companies such as FTF to compete against â€Å"Big Brand† companies since the big brand physical advantages become nonexistent and opens up the opportunity to create a niche brand for customers who prefer to buy their food and groceries online. With a creative and effectively targeted market program, FTF can reach a significant amount of customers online and leverage unique and exclusive products such as tropical fruits, figs, Piedmontese beef, and fresh cherries to capture these customers. There is a huge opportunity to capitalize on the available internet marketing technologies being that there is so much data available through these marketing channels and the fact that many consumers are turning to e-commerce to purchase goods. According to a recent Digital Marketing Report by eMarketer, â€Å"88. % of US internet users ages 14 and up will browse or research products online in 2012, an 83. 9% of that group will make at least one purchase via the web during that year† (Peart, Utreras, & Wang, 2011). Target Market Since From the Farm is a food e-commerce company, it is easy to assume that this website and its products can appeal to the masses. There is a large assortment of foods from fresh fruit and produce includi ng exotic tropical fruits to certified organic meats to an array of desserts which means that FTF has something to offer every kind of customer. FTF’s customers will consist of individuals who are 25 years old and up and have a wide range of preferences when it comes to food, whether it may be parents looking for healthy foods for their kids or health conscious individuals who prefer organic and gluten-free products or chefs and restaurant owners that need to order in bulk, From the Farm can accommodate a very diverse set of needs. Nonetheless, From the Farm’s products aren’t just for those who want to purchase these items for personal consumption because From the Farm also offers products that can be sent as gifts. As stated previously, From the Farm’s customer base is diverse since it consists of individuals with varying needs and preferences when it comes to food selections. The primary market that FTF will target is the online grocery shopper market. The profile of typical online shoppers is as follows: single or dual-income households with no children and are technically savvy, affluent, and time poor. This group consists of early adopters of new technology and is heavy internet users who regularly purchase goods online. Convenience is a main factor for this group and they have little to no concern about product price or delivery charges. The other major category within this market is families with young children. Similar to the previously discussed category, this category includes single parents, dual-income households, middle-income and above average-earning households. The key differentiator is that this category has one or more children, typically with at least one child under the age of five years old. This group consists of adults in their late 20s to 40s. The individuals in this category turn to online grocery shopping because it saves them time, is less hectic, and overall more convenient in nature. Other categories include college students and military families who are not located close to a standard-size store or who wish to purchase products found only in their home regions. In addition, the elderly, disabled and those individuals who find it difficult to get out of the house make up a significant share of online grocery shoppers. As such, the share of senior citizens and disabled individuals has grown over the past five years and is expected to continue growing in the future. Furthermore, online grocery shoppers are more than twice as likely as the average internet user to go online to read and post product reviews, download coupons and search for recipes, according to a study by the Nielsen Company from September 2009 (Panteva, 2012).

Book Analysis: Heidi Essay

The book in reference is Heidi by Johanna Spyri. The story tells of a little girl named Heidi who was brought to her grandfather in the mountains. Heidi’s guardian Dete has decided to leave Heidi to her grandfather after both of her parents died. Many of the villagers are aware of the bad tempered Alp-Uncle who lives in the mountains. At first, Alp-Uncle was not really into taking care of Heidi but eventually, he has learned to love her. Heidi’s charisma taught Alp-Uncle loving and caring feelings towards life. Everyday, Heidi would tour the mountains with his friend Peter who is a shepherd. One day, Dete cam back to bring Heidi to Frankfurt and accompany a rich but wheelchair-ridden young girl Klara where Heidi could live in luxury. It was a bad experience for Heidi for she missed Alp-Uncle and the mountains a lot. When the people in the mansion noticed Heidi’s homesickness, she was returned to her grandfather. After a couple of days, Klara has decided to visit Heidi. It was a wonderful experience for Klara which became her healing experience and made her walk. In the end, Klara and her family thanked Heidi and Alp-Uncle for their kindness. There are four main characters in the story; Heidi who is the main character is a simple but very charming little girl. She loves the mountains and nature. She is also caring and loving. Alp-Uncle is Heidi’s grandfather. At the beginning of the story, he was described as a grumpy old man but eventually, Heidi was able to change his outlook in life and was seen with great kindness. Klara is Heidi’s friend in Frankfurt. She is an ill little girl but was inspired to be positive in life with Heidi’s help. Lastly, Peter is Heidi’s friend in the mountains. He is a shepherd. When Klara visited Heidi in the mountains, he was jealous to have Klara as a competition for Heidi’s attention. Eventually, they made three good friends. The book immediately injects a notion that most of the time; females have weaker dispositions in the society. They are represented to be weaker but with superior feelings of emotional understanding. On the other hand, the male characters are presented as leaders and seen as having any uncaring emotions towards others. The book reinforces the social expectations for both genders. One example is the manifestation of Peter’s character who is tasked to do laborious work like herding the goats and sheep. Also, Alp-Uncle was perceived to have more knowledge in carpentry which is basically perceived as a work designed for men. On the other hand, females’ characters are presented in a passive aspect by making them helpless like Peter’s grandmother who is weak and blind and Klara who is also sick. Personally, my favorite children’s book was Peter Pan. Basically, the notion of gender dispositions can also be seen in the story as with Heidi. Peter Pan, as a boy, is projected to have powers and has a quality of leadership. Although he usually gets into troubles, he is able to solve them in the end. Wendy also has the same characteristics as Heidi’s who is caring and loving but dignified. Probably, Peter Pan is marketed towards children who are interested in fantasy. The magical scenarios presented in the story are evident of stirring the imagination of children who are still not yet exploited with notions of gender dilemmas. This gave me a lesson that it is sometimes a matter of initial projection of ideas to younger children that will eventually shape our societies. Works Cited Spyri, Johanna. 1993. Van Gool’s Heidi. London: Magna Books

Women participation in US public Sector/Government

Research on the male-female balance in numbers, power and opportunities in the government and public sector has included several works and research that highlight the dwindling and adverse ratios in female/male working proportions, status and conditions in the US over the decades, which is also observed as a world wide trend. This is in line with the traditional bias against the female worker that has characterized the world employment scenario for the last several years. Notable works that throw light in this regard are that of Mary E. Guy’s Three Steps Forward, Two Steps Backward: The Status of Women’s Integration into Public Management (1993). Guy wrote, â€Å"When tracing women’s integration into public management, we see pattern of rapid progress in the middle and late 1970s, followed by a period of quiescence in the mid-1980s. The late 1980 and early 1990s, however, are showing enhanced progress again. † Still, â€Å"women occupy the lower rungs on the agency ladders and men occupy the upper rungs,† she wrote (Guy,1993. ) Research and data collected in later years by 2 arious agencies such as the US Department of Labor, the Census Bureau, and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission have corroborated similar viewpoints. Table I below clearly displays the trend of female/male composition in federal employment. Table I Composition of Federal Work Force – Ten-Year Trend: Some Progress, Little Overall Change FY 1997 – FY 2006[5] Work Force Participation Rate 2000 CLF FY 2006 FY 1997 % FY 2006 % Men 1,487,030 58. 35 56. 94 53. 20 Women 1,124,463 41. 65 43. 06 46. 80 As compared to 1997 there is a minor increase in female employment from 41. 65% in 1997 to 43. 6% in 2006. The positions in which women work have a strong influence on their earnings, facilities and career growth opportunities. Women in managerial positions have greater job flexibility as compared to those in lower service jobs. In some states and departments in the US, employment in managerial 3 positions varies by race and et hnicity, however much anti discriminatory policies may have been put in place. Amongst women, only 25% of managerial positions were occupied by American African women while white women held 41% of such positions. Overall, women earn 85. 5% of what men earn. A majority of women still continue to work in traditionally women’s occupations. In this regard recently released Census data collected by the Institute for Women’s Policy Research clearly indicated that workplace payment gap between women and men is gradually getting bad as compared to earlier times. Between 2003 and 2006 the median annual earnings for women workers in government reduced by 0. 6% at $ 35000 while that for men was almost unchanged at $ 44000. However the overall situation has improved since 1960, when the average American woman earned 60 cents against every dollar earned by the American male. Presently the situation has improved to a woman earning about 85 cents against a dollar earned by a man. It can be seen that status of women has improved in general and particularly in the federal government as also evedenced from census figures. Major contributors for this have been the gradual changes made in law, social and business practices. Moreover the US ec onomy has grown more than five times since then whereby more 4 opportunities for women have been created. Jobs have also shifted from physical tasks to cognitive and calibre related functions thus opening wider avenues for women. Measured by 1960 standards the overall status of the American woman has improved considerably, but they have not got their due proportional share in as much as the economy has grown. In this context an additional observation is the fact that women and most minorities in the US as also in most parts of the world represent a higher percentage of employees at lower levels in any department or undertaking of the government while being absolutely underrepresented at the higher end of the ladder, implying that a very small percentage of women make it to the top positions of the government and public sector undertakings. This is clearly evident from Table II 5 Table II Senior Pay Level Representation FY 1997 / FY 2006 Senior Pay Level Positions FY 1997 FY 2006 Number % of SPL Number % of SPL Total SPL Work Force 15,381 20,070 Men 12,124 78. 83 14,814 73. 81 Women 3,257 21. 17 5,256 26. 19 It can be seen that in 1997 there were 21. 17% women occupying the senior positions while in 2006 the position improved marginally only to 26. 19% The Federal work force has for decades reflected patterns that show disproportionately high numbers of women in lower ranks in the public ector and government departments. Similarly there is lot of disproportion in the number of women occupying higher positions. In 2005, only 6. 2% of federally employed women were occupying positions ranked as upper middle management positions (General Schedule [GS]-13 and above). Comparitively male representation was as much as four times higher with 28% of all males employed in the upper level of GS-13 and above. 6 This is often referre d to as the glass ceiling concept and has become an important tool to understand working environment particularly in the American working context. Significantly the Civil Rights Act of 1991 established the Federal Glass Ceiling Commission which was entrusted the task of assessing the barriers that hindered the advancement of women to top ranking decision making positions. It also set into motion measures that would hinder such discrimination. Discrimination issues based on gender have long been a subject of debate at various forums internationally and was strongly taken up in the Equal Pay Act of 1963 and in Civil Rights Act of 1964. However it was soon realised by the mid 1980s that although massive changes took place in the emographic, social, and legal aspects of the US society, such discrimination on the basis of gender continued to exist. Hymowitz and Schellhardt used the term glass ceiling to describe this discrimination in 1986. The few women who managed to rise due to their calibre were also blocked by barriers of strongly embedded disrimination practices that continued to exist and they consequently could not break through the glass ceiling. 7 One particular aspect of gender disparity in lowering the status of women workers is the strong pattern in disparity of pay and benefits as figured from he data available from US Federal salary data for positions primarily occupied by females. Figures available from the Department of Labor show that in 2005 the hourly earnings of women were only 76. 5% as compared to men. It is primarily for this reason that women have started to opt out of bureaucratic employment towards entrepreneurship and other part time work. Table III validates the findings of the federal government census. Table III Federal Wage System (FWS) Representation FY 1997 / FY 2006 Federal Wage System (FWS) P ositions FY 1997 FY 2006 Number % of FWS Number % of FWS Total FWS Work Force 243,343 194,858 Men 217,573 89. 41 173,389 88. 98 Women 25,770 10. 59 21,469 11. 02 8 In the light of these stark revelations the Federal government has taken steps to remove the imbalance in gender employment by attempting to make equal opportunity a possibility for women. All government departments have been asked to devise a strategy and adopt policies to remove the glass ceiling that has been pulling back women from rising higher in their careers and to award them with senior management and decision making positions. A strong measure for gender inequality is the salary levels that differentiate the positions occupied by males and females. Data proves that on an average males earn more than females in the federal government. The average salary for male managers in FY 2005 was $45,300; and for females, $35,300. Thus as an average female employees made about 84. 7% of the salary made by her male counterpart. Since Federal pay scales are never based on gender, they are obviously different due to lower ranks occupied by women. It is also clear that majority of the higher positions are occupied by men. Women occupy 1/3 rd positions below the GS-12 level and only 1/6th of positions above G-13 levels thus implying that majority of women are clustered in the lower echelons of the heirarchy. Table IV below illustrates the percentage details of high ranking women with various government agencies. 9 Significantly and in contrast it can be seen that women occupy 75% and 66. 67% of the top positions with the Defense Security Service and Defense Human Resource Activity respectively. Table IV Ranking of Agencies with the Highest Percentage of Women in Senior Pay Level Positions in FY 2006 (Agencies With 500 Or More Employees) Agency Total Work Force # SPL # Women in Senior Pay Level Positions # % Defense Security Service 544 4 3 75. 00 Defense Human Resource Activity 880 12 8 66. 67 Corp. for National and Community Service 558 19 10 52. 63 Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 2,195 32 15 46. 88 Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency 1,140 12 5 41. 67 The years that followed 1991 brought significant changes in the American political landscape and in the entire federal work force. New Presidents brought new concepts and practices regarding women in high positions. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright and Condoleezza Rice as also Attorne General Janet Reno became the pioneering and powerful women to hold cabinet positions, and other appointees like Donna Shalala as Secretary of Health and Human Services, Alice Rivlin at the Office of Management and Budget, and Sheila Widnall as Secretary of the Air Force caused one dignitary to comment that when senior staff members meet at White House 11 meetings half the attendees are usually women. This is however farfetched and isolated compared to the large array of discriminatory evidence available.

Situational planning stradegy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Situational planning stradegy - Essay Example Despite these strengths the recent internal audit has unveiled some challenges and threats faced by the center. Under these circumstances, the first dilemma required to be answered is it worth revisiting the Community South Medical Center strategic plan or it will be prudent to follow the plan devised three years ago along with a yearly assessment. The recent shifts in patient care mix and shifting of good paying business from the locality to the other urban areas are two major factors that can affect the present positive trends in near future. Moreover, the overall aging trend of the population is a major concern which should be addressed rationally, especially in case of a for-profit organization of the center. Medicare and managed care have already shown a downward trend in previous three years and the shift of major businesses from the locality may even worsen the situation in the upcoming years and the center may witness a fall of employer sponsored health insurance. A change in strategic direction is therefore, deemed imperative to address the threats and capture the new opportunities. The strategic direction of Community South Medical Center is required to incorporate the changes that can ensure a sustainable profit graph in the coming years. The community analyst and future trend analyst are two major leadership positions in my strategic management team. These two can provided a better insight in to the state of affairs that the Community South Medical Center is facing and can provide useful input for setting the future direction of the center. The community analyst will specifically look for the shifts in healthcare mix and other communal trends like dominant aging trend of population and will provided a consolidated reported on the future impact of communal changes and a relative policy change that is required to be react these changes in a befitting manner. Future

Prospetive study of major dietry patterns and risk of coronary heart Essay

Prospetive study of major dietry patterns and risk of coronary heart disease in men (Epidemology case study) - Essay Example Two major dietary patterns were observed: prudent, which is heavy on vegetables, fruits, fish and poultry; and western, loaded with red and processed meats, refined grain, desserts, French fries, and dairy. Increased prudent patterns were found to decrease incidence of CHD while increased western pattern also increased the CHD incidence. Previous researches correlated CHD to single nutrients in the diet. This study considered overall dietary patterns in subjects for 8 years and how these relate to the occurrence of CHD within the study period. Diet plays an important role in disease as observed in disease occurrence in countries that have a distinct dietary pattern. The study is appropriate because it considers the interaction of the different components in the diet taking into consideration food preferences and habitual food use. The study is also very appropriate and timely because of the high incidence of CHD in many countries and therefore nutritional intervention by recommending changes in dietary patterns may be more acceptable to the public. In this study, exposure refers to the dietary patterns; outcome is the incidence of CHD and confounders are other risk factors like smoking, alcohol consumption, total caloric intake, age, level of physical activity, genetics. Notably, the researchers did their best to remove the effects of confounders through factor analysis. The dietary assessment came from food consumption data provided in the FFQ. The FFQ had itemized 131 items further grouped into 40 distinct categories. Factor analysis was done to derive dietary patterns. Factor analysis removes effects due to lifestyle and other risk factors therefore removing confounding effects. FFQ and factor analysis were appropriate for this type and size of experiment. FFQ was shown in previous studies to effectively determine dietary preferences while factor analysis is appropriate in determining the statistical significance by minimizing systematic errors