Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant essays

Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant essays Almost all flowering plants are known as 'Angiosperms', which means plants whose seed production comes from flowering. Seeds are packaged within a fruit to be transported away from parent plant. Angiosperms are vascular plants containing xylem and phloem in bundled Plant cells, unlike animals they have multicellular haploid and multicellular diploid stages in there cycle. By the process of meiosis, diploid sporophyte cells produce haploid spores. Each haploid spore undergoes mitotic division creating multicellular haploid gametophyte. Gametes are the by-product of multicellular haploid gametophyte by process of mitosis. However gametes are not the direct result of mitotic division. Diploid sporophyte is the creation of two gametes fusing together. During fertilization, multicellular haploid cells change to multicellular Meiosis is the process of cell division (reproduction). Process of meiosis a cell undergoes two divisions. A cell divides to produce two cells each new cell holds DNA, the two new cells then divide again. It is not concerned about creating a working cell. Cells genetics are shuffled during meiosis, therefore the first division of cells do not have equal quantity of chromosomes, and it is in the second division of cells that chromosomes are divided equally in the new cells. There are two stages to meiosis. First stage of meiosis is like mitosis, where a cell divides into two both containing equal measures of DNA. Where in mitosis cells share equal DNA, meiosis a crossing-over is when the cells DNA exchange genes. These genes get mixed up producing the opposite perfect duplicate cells like mitosis. Second stage of meiosis DNA that remains in the cell condenses to form short chromosomes. All pairs of chromosome have a centromere. Centrioles begin at opposite sides of the cell. In metaphase ll, all chromosomes are lined in the middle of the cell and the centrioles are...

Foundations of Learning and Collaborative Working Essays

Foundations of Learning and Collaborative Working Essays Foundations of Learning and Collaborative Working Essay Foundations of Learning and Collaborative Working Essay Discuss the construct of collaborative working within your professional area To be able to understand the principle. the different factors act uponing the result of collaborative working and how this can be applied to Perioperative pattern. it is of import to hold a sound apprehension of the construct Collaborative Working. This construct has many terminological fluctuations. one of the more often used is Inter-professional working. Hornby and Atkins ( 2000 ) province that collaborative working is a relationship between two or more people. groups or administrations. working together to specify and accomplish a common intent. Barrett et Al ( 2005 ) declares that inter-professional working is the procedure whereby members of different professions and/or bureaus work together to supply incorporate wellness and/or societal attention for the benefit of service users. Ignoring what is seen as the correct/incorrect nomenclature. the common denominator here is that all wellness attention staff/ agencies’ are working together to supply the best health care possible for patients and service users. There have been many arguments about the fluctuation in nomenclature. Leathard ( 1994:5 ) refers to it as terminological quagmire that has been created due to rapid developments in pattern. and in her analysis of footings. Leathard ( 1994:6 ) prefers to utilize the term multi-professional as it infers a wider group of professionals. In this case the term Collaborative working will be used. Over the old ages at that place have been many drivers behind the principle for collaborative working dating as far back as the 1960’s in the USA. where Henderson ( 1966 ) studies that one infirmary has weekly inter-professional ward conferences. The thought of collaborative working is hence non a comparatively new construct. In recent old ages increased accent has been placed on collaborative working and the demand to work together due to alterations in engineering. answerability and authorities studies. Technological progresss such as telecommunication is now used by surgical staff to po pulate provender surgical processs to other parts of the universe. This has aided remote-area sawboness in their ain patterns ( Shields A ; Werder 2002 ) : Similarly. the debut of the National Health Service ( NHS ) direct advice line has created a manner in which physicians can confer with patients over the telephone. However a survey by the Economic and Social Research Council ( 2005 ) concluded that telemedicine is disappearing compared to NHS direct advice line. The debut to new machinery which takes blood force per unit areas automatically instead than manually. this and other technological progresss have all required health care staff to alter the ways in which they work collaboratively. On the other manus. Government studies besides change the manner in which health care professionals work as they are frequently compulsory steps. The NHS Knowledge and Skills Framework ( KSF ) was introduced in 1999 under the Agenda for Change. Day ( 2006 ) claims that the usage of KSF will enable squad leaders to place spreads in the cognition and accomplishments of their inter-professional squads. KSF is an indispensable demand carried out every twelvemonth to guarantee wage patterned advances. Collaborative working is besides brought about by answerability. All health care professionals are governed by a professional organic structure such as the Health Professions Council ( HPC ) in which it is their responsibility to guarantee conformity with the statute law on the usage of protected rubrics ( HPC. 2008 ) Not merely are registrants accountable to the HPC they are besides accountable to statutory and condemnable jurisprudence which means healthcare professionals must interact with patients and staff on an acceptable degree at the hazard of being prosecuted for their actions. Another driver for collaborative working is seen through the of all time scrutinizing media. A recent intelligence study by Hughes ( 2011 ) titled Emergency surgery patients’ lives at hazard. state surgeons is one of the many illustrations of negative media that is seting more force per unit area on health care professionals to work more collaboratively. On the other manus. many of the public viewing audiences do non see the prejudice in the bulk of these intelligence studies and many illustrations of good coaction is missed. Resulting from the principle behind why people work together it is of import to understand the ways in which people do work together. Safe Surgery Saves Lives was an enterprise that arose in 2006 by the World Health Organization and in 2008 a Surgical Safety Checklist was released globally. Research proved that postoperative complication rates fell by 36 % on average and the checklist has besides improved communicating among the surgical squads. ( Haynes. B. A et Al. 2009. Pg: 496 ) Many trusts besides have a theatre list policy and this ensures that staff are working collaboratively to guarantee the lists are right. accurate and the most of import processs have been prioritised. The thought differentiates among the trusts. but is most normally referred to as a Group clinch. This is carried out each forenoon before any surgical processs commence and it is a opportunity for staff to collaborate and portion any thoughts or concerns over that day’s list. A large portion of collaborative work. particularly in peri-operative attention. is about recognizing each other’s accomplishments and importance therefore the thought of inter-professional acquisition. Kenward A ; Kenward ( 2011. pg ; 35-39 ) outlines the importance of wise mans. saying that mentors should move as function theoretical accounts for pupils of all professions. Further advancing this the General Medical Council ( 2006 ) papers on Good Medical Practice propounds that physicians besides act as function theoretical accounts to seek and inspire and actuate others. It is apparent that there are many ways in which healthcare staff work together. nevertheless major issues are still identified around the factors that influence the results of collaborative working. Miscommunication has been identified as a reoccurring job. Certain behavioural forms among peri-operative staff which included disregarding petitions they did non understand. neglecting to seek elucidation. neglecting to talk aloud adequate to be heard and pass oning information to the incorrect individual. ( Gardezi et al 2009. pg: 1390-1399 ) This can be fatal particularly in the instance of Elaine Bromiley who had undergone a everyday fistula surgical process. Due to a dislocation in communicating between sawboness. Elaine unluckily died. A picture titled Just a everyday operation. ( LaerdalMedical. 2011 ) released after the decease of Elaine Bromiley. identifies the dislocation in communicating between the sawboness and the theater nurses who had really witnessed the surgeon’s hurt and suggested an alternate method to cannulating the patient which was ignored. This construct has been antecedently recognised as professional segregation. D’Amour et Al ( 2005 ) argued that because professional groups are educated individually they are so socialised into discipline-specific thought. Research concluded that 69 % of respondents to a questionnaire they set out reported dissension between sawboness and nurses. And that 53. 4 % reported sing aggressive behaviour from adviser sawboness ( Coe and Gould. 2008. Pg: 609-618 ) Therefore intending the results of coaction will endure if all professionals do non interact and acknowledge the importance of other professionals’ accomplishments. It is apparent that coaction and inter-professional working mostly exists but with the changeless alterations in peri-operative pattern as mentioned antecedently and the manner health care is invariably observed. particularly by the media. it is apparent that collaborative working is a uninterrupted development or a womb-to-tomb acquisition procedure. As engineering alterations and authorities policies are continually released it is inevitable that the ways in which health care professionals work together will besides alter and develop. Mentions Barret. G. Sellman. D and Thomas. J ( 2005 ) Inter-professional working in Health and Social Care: Professional Positions. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Coe. R and Gould. D ( 2008 ) Disagreement and aggression in the operating theater. ’ Journal of Advanced Nursing. Volume: 61. Issue: 6. Pg: 609-618. Day. J ( 2006 ) Inter-professional working: An indispensable usher for health-and social-care professionals. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes. D’Amour. D. Ferrada-Videla. M. San Martin Rodrigues. L and Beaulieu. M ( 2005 ) The conceptual footing for inter-professional Collaboration: Core constructs and theoretical models. ’ Journal of Inter-professional Care. Addendum: 1. Pg: 116-131. Economic and Social Research Council ( 2005 ) Telemedicine revolution is disappearing’ from the NHS. [ Online ] Available at: World Wide Web. esrc. societytoday. Ac. United Kingdom. ( Accessed: 8 October 2011 ) Gardezi. F. Lingard. L. Espin. S. Whyte. S. Orser. B and Baker. G. R ( 2 009 ) Silence. power and communicating in the operating room. ’ Journal of Advanced Nursing. Volume: 65. Issue: 7. Pg: 1390-1399. General Medical Council ( 2006 ) Good Medical Practice guidelines: working in squads. ’ [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. gmc-uk. org/guidance/good_medical_practice/working_with_colleagues_working_in_teams. asp ( Accessed: 9 October 2011 ) Haynes. B. A. Weiser. G. T. Berry. R. W. Lipsitz. Sc. D et Al ( 2009 ) A Surgical Safety Checklist to Reduce Morbidity and Mortality in a Global Population. ’ The New England Journal of Medicine. Volume: 360. Issue: 5. Pg: 496. Health Professions Council ( 2008-09 ) Continuing professional development one-year study. [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. hpc-uk. org/publications/reports/ ( Accessed: 8 October 2011 ) Henderson. V ( 1966 ) The nature of Nursing: A definition and its deductions for pattern. research and instruction. New York. Macmillan. Hornby. S and Atkins. J ( 2000 ) Collaborative Care: Inter-professional. interagency and interpersonal. Oxford: Blackwell. Hughes. D ( 2011 ) Emergency Surgery patients’ lives at hazard. state sawboness. ’ BBC intelligence. [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. bbc. co. uk/news/health-15098114 ( Accessed: 8 October 2011 ) Kenward. L and Kenward. L ( 2011 ) Promoting Inter-professional Care in the Perioperative environment. ’ Nursing Standard. Volume: 25. Issue: 41. Pg: 35-39. Proquest [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //proquest. umi. com/ ( Accessed: 9 October 2011 ) Laerdal Medical ( 2011 ) Just a Routine Operation’ [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=JzlvgtPlof4 ( Accessed: 9 October 2011 ) Leathard. A ( 1994 ) Traveling Inter-pro fessional: Working Together for Health and Welfare. London: Routledge. Shields. L and Werder. H ( 2002 ) Perioperative Nursing. Cambridge University Press.

75 Synonyms for Hard

75 Synonyms for Hard 75 Synonyms for â€Å"Hard† 75 Synonyms for â€Å"Hard† By Mark Nichol It’s easy to write about how hard something is, because so many synonyms exist for that vague word and its more formal cousin difficult. Many of these terms are somewhat interchangeable (that’s why they call them synonyms), but even then, the senses are often slightly distinct; do a little more research on usage when you find a promising variation for that abstract (or is it abstruse?) phrasing you’re attempting to finesse. 1. Abstract: disassociation from a practical reference that would aid in comprehension 2. Abstruse: difficult because of technical considerations 3. Arduous: great physical exertion 4. Augean: unpleasantly, overwhelmingly hard (a classical reference to the Augean stables, cleaned by Hercules as one of his legendary twelve labors) 5. Backbreaking: tiring and often dispiriting physical effort 6. Bruising: physically wearing and damaging 7. Brutal: unpleasantly difficult 8. Burdensome: physically or emotionally difficult 9. Challenging: requiring special effort; may have a positive or a negative sense depending on context 10. Complex: difficult because of multiple interrelated factors 11. Complicated: see complex 12. Convoluted: see complex; with an additional connotation of twisting or intertwining 13. Cruel: marked by uncompromising difficulty that disregards the worker’s welfare 14. Daunting: inspiring a feeling of great difficulty 15. Demanding: suggestive of a great commitment of time and effort 16. Distressing: causing emotional anguish 17. Effortful: requiring effort 18. Elusive: difficult to comprehend, or evasive 19. Exacting: requiring meticulous attention to detail, or requiring relentless effort 20. Exhausting: difficult in terms of physical or mental exertion 21. Formidable: discouraging because of expected difficulty; also has a positive connotation of impressiveness 22. Frustrating: producing feelings of hopelessness or defeat 23. Grievous: causing pain or suffering 24. Grim: evidencing unyielding difficulty or severity; can also mean â€Å"grim,† â€Å"gloomy,† or â€Å"sinister† 25. Grueling (also spelled gruelling): requiring unrelenting or extreme effort 26. Hairy: difficult (informal) 27. Harsh: excessively difficult 28. Heavy: involving great effort 29. Herculean: suggestive of great difficulty 30. Inhuman: so difficult as to seem beyond human capability 31. Insoluble: seemingly too difficult to be solved or resolved 32. Intimidating: so difficult that the task or prospect inspires fear or hopelessness 33. Intricate: see complex 34. Involved: see convoluted 35. Knotty: see convoluted 36. Labored: requiring wearying physical or mental exertion 37. Laborious: see labored 38. Merciless: marked by effort that seems to be required with no regard for the welfare of the worker 39. Moiling: requiring much effort 40. Murderous: suggestive of risk of physical or mental harm (informal) 41. Onerous: see burdensome 42. Opaque: difficult because of a lack of clarity or communication 43. Oppressive: harshly difficult 44. Overwhelming: too hard to do or bear without suffering 45. Painful: causing physical or mental discomfort or harm 46. Pick-and-shovel: suggestive of great manual effort 47-48. Problematic/problematical: difficulty in solving a problem 49. Punishing: difficulty heedless of consequences of physical or mental strain 50. Recondite: difficult to comprehend because of obscurity or the need to possess more knowledge 51. Rigid: inflexibly difficult 52. Rigorous: difficulty caused by conditions of inflexibility or requirements of great precision 53. Rugged: suggestive of conditions requiring strength and stamina 54. Serious: requiring a great deal of effort 55. Severe: difficult because of the nature of requirements or constraints or because of the need to expend great effort 56. Spiny: replete with difficulties 57. Sisyphean: suggestive of relentless, repetitive toil (a classical reference to Sisyphus, tormented in Hades by having to repeatedly roll a boulder up a hill, then retrieve it when it rolls down again) 58. Stiff: see rigid 59. Strenuous: see arduous 60. Stressful: so difficult as to cause tension or nervousness 61. Strict: difficult especially because of standards imposed 62. Stringent: see strict 63. Stubborn: persistently difficult 64. Sweaty: suggestive of great physical exertion, causing perspiration 65. Tall: see formidable (informal) 66. Taxing: see burdensome 67. Testing: calling for great effort, as if to test one’s abilities 68. Thorny: see spiny 69. Ticklish: difficult because of the problem’s sensitive nature 70. Tight: hard because of a lack of flexibility 71. Toilsome: see labored 72. Tough: physically or mentally demanding (informal) 73. Tricky: see ticklish 74. Trying: requiring great endurance 75. Uphill: see labored Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Synonyms for â€Å"Leader†One Sheep, Two Sheep, One Fish, Two Fish . . .Adverbs and Hyphens

Reaction paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 25

Reaction paper - Essay Example As a reaction to the freeing of slaves, some Southerners had resulted in killing government couriers as well as soldiers. The Southerners had indulged in an opposition against the Union, a factor that contributed to a complete absence of patriotism. Such factors explained why the president wanted Schurz to compile a report concerning the views of the Southerners. This paper will critically analyze some of the aspects discussed in the report presented by Schurz. In the report, Schurz discussed the attitudes of Southerners towards African Americans. The Southerners had harbored a belief that African Americans were unable to work without any form of compulsion (Johnson 309). In their view, African Americans could only be productive, if there were white masters compelling them to undertake tasks. In my view, this was a misconception because African-Americans could make a living by working as free people. The problem in the Southern States was that freed slaves never received the right opportunities to exploit their potential. In addition, the slave masters had spent several years with African Americans, but they did not understand their true characters. The report does highlight that the slave masters viewed African Americans as very deceitful. However, many African Americans serving as slaves were smart enough to hide their strategies from the masters. The Southerners also believed that African Americans only existed for one purpose. In their view, the purpose was cultivating cash crops such as cotton and rice (310). They opined that African Americans were not in a position to pursue their happiness. Such assumptions were wrong, African Americans had the will to pursue happiness, and their only barrier was slavery (308). The report also reveals that there were high levels of persecution directed towards African Americans

The history of Jazz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The history of Jazz - Essay Example Jazz music is deeply rooted in various musical styles of African-American music with European traditional music also contributing to its melodic sound. It was composed of several styles of black folk music such as field hollers, lullabies, rowing chants, spirituals and blues. Jazz began with small bands or solo pianists playing at weddings, picnics, parades and funerals. Blues and ragtime had also formed several years before jazz, and were strongly influencing its styles and forms. New Orleans, Louisiana experienced the earliest form of jazz. Improvisation, along with the existing sounds of other black music such as ragtime and blues, made jazz unique. Charles â€Å"Buddy† Bolden, also known as â€Å"King Bolden,† was known to have led some of these early jazz groups. Bolden’s band was well known in New Orleans from 1900 to 1907. Many early musicians credited Bolden and his band with having originated the genre known as â€Å"jazz†; however, the term â€Å"jazz† didn’t become widely known until after Bolden’s era. One writer labeled Bolden as the father of jazz, and several early Jazz musicians were inspired by his playing including Joe â€Å"King† Oliver, Freddie Keppard, Bunk Johnson. The Original Dixieland Jazz Band recorded the first jazz record in 1917. They were very popular overseas as well as in the United States. The New Orleans Rhythm Kings and the Creole Jazz Band were the next bands to emerge i n the early 1920s. The Creole Jazz Band would yield American cornetist King Oliver.... Scat singing had a great impact on jazz music; It altered the melodies of many jazz sounds, thereby giving them a new sound for their listener. During the 1920s, Jazz began to migrate to Chicago, Illinois. Many musicians from New Orleans, including Armstrong, were influencing the local musicians, thus creating the Chicago style form of jazz. This style was similar to that of New Orleans, however it differentiated in that it emphasized more on soloists and added the saxophone to the instruments of the band. Bix Beiderbecke, clarinetist Benny Goodman, drummer Gene Krupa, banjoist and guitarist Eddie Condon and trombonist Jack Teagarden were instrumentalists working in Chicago who were influenced by the Chicago style jazz. New York City was also another major area for jazz in the 1920s. Harlem became the center for jazz music. Piano music was also making great strides for the development of jazz music as well, and ironically, Harlem became know for the stride piano. James P. Johnson was a master at this, but it was Fats Waller who became stride piano's most popular performer. Another style of piano that developed during this time was boogie-woogie. It was a form of blues played on the piano, and it became very popular in the 1930s and 1940s. Pine Top Smith, Pete Johnson, Meade Lux Lewis and Albert Ammons were leading boogie-woogie pianists during this time. However, it was Earl "Fatha" Hines who was the most-known pianist of the 1920s. His style influenced most pianists of the next generation such as Teddy Wilson and Art Tatum. Also, the big bands, large groups of jazz musicians that would play together, were also popular throughout the 1930s and 1940s. This period was better known as the swing era. Duke Ellington and Fletcher Henderson were

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COMPACT DISC AND RECORDS Essay

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COMPACT DISC AND RECORDS - Essay Example The record technology was improved till 1980s when cassette technology was introduced which displaced the vinyl records significantly. The popularity of cassette went down when compact disc and mini disc were introduced in 1990s. Differences Size: Initially, the records were as big as 16 inches in diameter which was reduced to as low as 7 inches by the time. However, the most popular models used in that time were 12 inches. On the other side, Compact discs are only 4.75 inches in diameter which makes it a much more flexible product. Compact Disc also comes in small sizes, commonly know as Mini CD. The diameter of these Mini CDs ranges from 2.4 to 3.1 inches. The smaller is the size, the lesser will be data capacity. Production: Records are created with an element called black lacquer vinyl, which is the reason it is commonly called Vinyl Record. Contrary, CDs are developed with 1.2 millimeters thick polycarbonate plastic coated with aluminum and a thin translucent acrylic protective coating (Morgan). A CD weights around 15 to 20 grams. The thin layer of aluminum makes it reflective. A lacquer layer is used for spinning and label printing. Wear and Tear: Records are less likely to be abandoned and torn as compared to Compact Discs. Vinyl records are â€Å"hard† records, made up with black lacquer. ... CDs are susceptible to skips and clicks whereas Vinyle records usually play in any situation since they are analog. Price: The price of records is much higher because of the high cost expenditure incurred in manufacturing process. However, Compact Discs are comparatively cheaper and can stored hefty amount of data. Sound Quality: Vinyl records can play music as good as CDs. The difference is extremely small and negligible (Vinyl Vs. CD Part 3. Sound Difference Between LP’s and CD’s). After researching thoroughly, it is concluded that some extreme music lovers still prefer Vinyl over CDs, claiming the sound quality of Vinyl is richer. However, the differences in the sound quality are nearly inaudible to a normal human being and Vinyl and CDs overshadow each other only in some genre of music. Recording/Writing: Vinyl records needs a vinyl cutter for recording or copying songs in a record. These vinyl cutters are extremely expensive, costing about $10,000, thus making it i mpossible for common people to have it in their possession. Contrary, CDs can be written with the help of CD burner which are cheaply available in market, ranging from $15 to $25. Moreover, CD-R is a kind of Compact Disc which has the re-write feature. There is also a major difference between analog and digital recording. Analog recording is used in recording vinyl records, which varies a property or characteristic of a physical recording medium through air pressure (Elsea). Contrary, digital recording is developed when the physical properties of the original sound are converted into sequence number through an analog-to-digital converter which makes it able to be recorded and read back through a digital medium such as CD (Elsea, Basics of

Earned Value Management (EVM) Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Earned Value Management (EVM) - Term Paper Example The business organisations engaged in competition strives to take an upper hand position in the market by achieving a sustainable competitive advantage. In this regard, they aim to utilize effective management tools and techniques to strengthen their position in terms of finance, market share, operational efficiency etc (Huggins and Izushi, 2011, p.227). To achieve a sustainable growth and development, managements must strive to manage their assigned projects in a systematic way for optimum outcomes. Efficient and effective Project management is a challenging task which includes multiple activities, and management generally uses certain specific techniques, tools and systems for handling a project. Earned Value Management (EVM), an approach for project management is the most popular and widely used technique for project management (Dinsmore and Cabanis-Brewin, 2010, p.107). This report will attempt to present importance and use of EVM for analysing and assessing planning, scheduling, costing, budgeting, evaluating and performance monitoring of a project. 2. Management of a Project An organisation including profit making or non-profit making performs a number of tasks. Each group of tasks have a certain specific goal and this group of tasks can be termed as ‘project’. Organisations get themselves engaged in the multiple projects to achieve the common and overall goals and objectives. Therefore, successful completion of project is very vital for the organisational success and project management has evolved as key process in business related activities. With increasing pressure of the workloads, project management is gaining recognition in all types of organisation including SMEs and multinational enterprises. In simple terms, project management can be defined as â€Å"the task of managing work† (Cooke and Tate, 2005, p.1). In case of business management, a project can involves any types of tasks e.g. product development; implementing new machi nes or system in operation for increasing efficiency; or marketing promotions and advertisement. Generally, the project management can be completed through a set five sequential processes. These five processes are initiation, planning, execution, controlling and closure (Choudhuri, n.d. p.3). However, in each process there are various tasks that strive to support each of the aspects and criterions in the course of project management. Cost management, risk and quality management, budgeting, operational management, scheduling etc are the example of these tasks. The above sated tasks can also be termed as project management knowledge that includes nine areas and each of them are crucial of the effective project management. These nine areas also include certain tasks and these areas are explained in the following chart. Figure 1: Project Management Knowledge Areas (Source: Choudhuri, n.d. p.4) 3. Background of Earned Value Management (EVM) In the previous section, the tasks involved in a project management have been discussed, and each of these tasks is critical having direct influence on the profitability and organisational growth. If the project management team is able to complete these tasks efficiently, they are able to meet the goal of a project. In the course of these tasks, maintenance of efficient, accuracy, and reliability are key factors for the success.